Domestic violence against men by women is becoming increasingly common. This includes economic, physical, sexual, emotional, and psychological abuse, which harms a person’s mental and physical health. Both men and women can be victims of gender-based violence.
In a traditionally male-dominated country like India, it is hard for many to believe that men can be victims of domestic violence just like women. This disbelief might explain why Indian laws do not recognize domestic violence against men. However, the number of men being psychologically and physically abused by women is increasing.
Currently, Indian laws do not protect men from intimate partner violence. Section 498A of the Indian Penal Code of 1860 holds only men accountable for violence against their wives, with no similar provision for women. Similarly, the Protection of Women from Domestic Violence Act of 2005 only protects women. This legal framework presumes men are always guilty and women always innocent.
Several factors contribute to the underreporting of such cases. Societal norms often depict men as strong and unemotional, making it difficult for them to seek legal help without facing stigma. A survey of 1,000 married men aged 21 to 49 in rural Haryana revealed that one in ten men aged 18 and above has experienced domestic violence. Research confirms that men can also be victims of such violence, not just women.
While women do face significant intimate partner violence, this does not justify the absence of laws to protect men from similar abuse. Everyone is entitled to human rights and gender equality. Article 14 of the Indian Constitution guarantees the fundamental right to equal treatment, and Article 15 prohibits discrimination based on religion, race, sex, caste, or place of birth. The Constitution affirms that all citizens have the right to life and liberty.
Thus, it is crucial to amend the existing legislation. There is a pressing need for gender-neutral laws to ensure that perpetrators are punished and victims receive help, regardless of gender. To prevent and reduce domestic violence, laws must be applied equally, and discriminatory laws must be abolished.
